# @OneToOne relation mappedBy @Any?

**URL:** <https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/onetoone-relation-mappedby-any/12235>\
**Category:** Hibernate ORM\
**Created:** [May 9, 2026, 11:32pm UTC](https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/onetoone-relation-mappedby-any/12235 "2026-05-09T23:32:38Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 7\
**Page:** 1

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**Author:** ![stdh](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/8edcca/32.png) [@stdh](https://discourse.hibernate.org/u/stdh)\
**Post date:** [May 9, 2026, 11:32pm UTC](https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/onetoone-relation-mappedby-any/12235/1 "2026-05-09T23:32:38Z")

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Perhaps a strange modelling question: I would like to define a OneToOne relation mapped by an Any relation. I’m modelling CRUD Actions, where Creation and Update each have one Stuff attached, but Read has many Stuffs. This means I can’t just put the foreign keys in the Action tables. What I had in mind would look like this:

```java
@Entity
public class ActionCreate extends Action {
	@OneToOne(mappedBy = "action")
	private Stuff stuff;
}

// ActionUpdate like ActionCreate

@Entity
public class ActionRead extends Action {
	@OneToMany(mappedBy = "action")
	private Set<Stuff> stuffs = new HashSet<Stuff>();
}

@Entity
public class Stuff {
	@Any
	@AnyDiscriminator(DiscriminatorType.STRING)
	@AnyDiscriminatorValue(discriminator = "ActionCreate",entity = ActionCreate.class)
	@AnyDiscriminatorValue(discriminator = "ActionRead", entity = ActionRead.class)
	@AnyDiscriminatorValue(discriminator = "ActionUpdate", entity = ActionUpdate.class)
	@AnyKeyJavaClass(Long.class)
	@Column(name = "action_type")
	@JoinColumn(name = "action_id")
	private Action action;
}

```

Hibernate doesn’t support this at the moment, but should it? I mean, is that a reasonable feature? OneToMany mapped by Any is supported now (thanks for that by the way 😁), but I have no idea if implementing this would be at all similar.

Either way, for the time being it seems that I need something like [Mapping unidirectional one-to-one relations correctly](https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/mapping-unidirectional-one-to-one-relations-correctly/10109), I’ll also ask there.

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![beikov](https://yyz1.discourse-cdn.com/flex035/user_avatar/discourse.hibernate.org/beikov/32/258_2.png) [@beikov](https://discourse.hibernate.org/u/beikov)\
**Post date:** [May 11, 2026, 12:30pm UTC](https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/onetoone-relation-mappedby-any/12235/2 "2026-05-11T12:30:34Z")

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I don’t think that `@Any` is the “right” target for a `@OneToOne(mappedBy = "...")`, because it has no unique constraint on `(action_type, action_id)`. You can’t map that constraint though, since you use the `Stuff#action` relationship also for your `@OneToMany`, so in your particular use case, this would IMO not make sense or be unsafe.

You could map it differently though, if you don’t care about safety:

```java
@Entity
public class ActionCreate extends Action {
	@MapsId
	@OneToOne
	@JoinColumn(name = "id", referencedColumnName = "action_id")
	private Stuff stuff;
}

```

I would stick to mapping it with an explicit FK join column though:

```java
@Entity
public class ActionCreate extends Action {
	@OneToOne
	@JoinColumn(name = "stuff_id")
	private Stuff stuff;
}

```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![boutss](https://yyz1.discourse-cdn.com/flex035/user_avatar/discourse.hibernate.org/boutss/32/1543_2.png) [@boutss](https://discourse.hibernate.org/u/boutss)\
**Post date:** [May 11, 2026, 4:11pm UTC](https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/onetoone-relation-mappedby-any/12235/3 "2026-05-11T16:11:09Z")

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I had started a discussion on the subject on Zulip:

[(29001) #hibernate-user \> @OneToOne(mappedby) with a @Any KO - Hibernate - Zulip](https://hibernate.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/132096-hibernate-user/topic/.40OneToOne.28mappedby.29.20with.20a.20.40Any.20KO/with/584382545)

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![stdh](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/8edcca/32.png) [@stdh](https://discourse.hibernate.org/u/stdh)\
**Post date:** [May 13, 2026, 9:41pm UTC](https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/onetoone-relation-mappedby-any/12235/4 "2026-05-13T21:41:43Z")

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Indeed, this relation doesn’t feel very clean. It was first defined in Laravel/PHP, which has higher general YOLO-levels; if you want safety you often have to implement it yourself.

I tried setting the `referencedColumnName` as you suggested, that would be a good solution. But the executed queries still show (paraphrasing): `[...] LEFT JOIN stuff ON action_create.id = stuff.id [...]` . That appears to be [this bug](https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-18495). Also, I took a dive in the source with a debugger, and IIUC `toOne#referenceToPrimaryKey` is often (always?) true for OneToOne relations without a `mappedBy` specified.

So there’s a bug here, but I can understand that it’s not exactly high priority. If it’s hard to fix cleanly, would a warning be a good idea, if the user tries this unsupported combination?

--

@beikov : do I understand your second proposal correctly as a foreign key in the ActionCreate table pointing to its particular Stuff? Cleaner indeed, but that’s not going to work for the PHP side of our application, which uses the same database. Wouldn’t it complicate the `Stuff#action` relationship as well, with possibly redundant information in the database?

--

Thanks @boutss for the link (first time I see Zulip in action, looks nice). I see you’re wrestling with your share of polymorphic relations yourself, good to know i’m not alone! 😅

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![beikov](https://yyz1.discourse-cdn.com/flex035/user_avatar/discourse.hibernate.org/beikov/32/258_2.png) [@beikov](https://discourse.hibernate.org/u/beikov)\
**Post date:** [May 15, 2026, 7:17am UTC](https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/onetoone-relation-mappedby-any/12235/5 "2026-05-15T07:17:40Z")

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> [@stdh](#):
>
> do I understand your second proposal correctly as a foreign key in the ActionCreate table pointing to its particular Stuff? Cleaner indeed, but that’s not going to work for the PHP side of our application, which uses the same database. Wouldn’t it complicate the `Stuff#action` relationship as well, with possibly redundant information in the database?

If you want to ensure that an `ActionCreate` can only have a single `Stuff` associated through this dedicated relationship, then yes, having an FK column there would be better IMO.

Now that I’m thinking more about it, maybe a unique constraint like `alter table stuff add unique constraint stuff_action_create (case when action_type = 'ActionCreate' then action_id end)` would be good enough to make `@OneToOne` target `@Any` safe…

If you add this unique constraint, you should be able to map this way:

```java
@Entity
public class ActionCreate extends Action {
	@MapsId
	@OneToOne
	@JoinColumn(name = "id", referencedColumnName = "action_id")
	private Stuff stuff;
}

```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![stdh](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/8edcca/32.png) [@stdh](https://discourse.hibernate.org/u/stdh)\
**Post date:** [May 15, 2026, 6:43pm UTC](https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/onetoone-relation-mappedby-any/12235/6 "2026-05-15T18:43:28Z")

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Hm, I have the impression that our database (Mariadb/Mysql) doesn’t support the `case when` construction. But I could define an index with a generated column, more or less as follows. NULL values are ignored for unique-indices, so it still works for `ActionRead#stuffs`.

```sql
ALTER TABLE stuff
ADD COLUMN `action_type_ind` char(42) GENERATED ALWAYS AS
 (IF(`action_type` in ('ActionCreate','ActionUpdate'),`action_type`,NULL)) VIRTUAL,
ADD UNIQUE `action_type_ind` (`action_type_ind`, `action_id`);

```

Even with `@mapsId`, the query still joins Stuff on its `id` instead of `action_id`. Also, I didn’t mention earlier: I added `@SQLRestriction(value = “action_type = ‘ActionCreate’”)` on `ActionCreate#stuff`, but that is also not honoured. Possibly for the same reason the `referencedColumnName` is ignored?

Unless you have another trick up your sleeve, I’ll probably use the hack I mentioned in the linked thread. But the unique constraint would still be useful, so that’s something.

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![beikov](https://yyz1.discourse-cdn.com/flex035/user_avatar/discourse.hibernate.org/beikov/32/258_2.png) [@beikov](https://discourse.hibernate.org/u/beikov)\
**Post date:** [May 18, 2026, 9:13am UTC](https://discourse.hibernate.org/t/onetoone-relation-mappedby-any/12235/7 "2026-05-18T09:13:27Z")

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If the `referenceColumnName` is ignored, that would be a bug, but [HHH-18495](https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-18495) seems to suggest that this works. I’d appreciate if you could create a reproducer for this and attach it to a new bug report.

Alternatively, you could also map it as `@ManyToOne`, even though that’s not totally correct, the unique constraint will protect your data.

> [@stdh](#):
>
> I added `@SQLRestriction(value = “action_type = ‘ActionCreate’”)` on `ActionCreate#stuff`, but that is also not honoured. Possibly for the same reason the `referencedColumnName` is ignored?

This is a known limitation. You can track [HHH-2737](https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-2737) if you want to be notified, once we add support for this.